Los derechos de la clase trabajadora en el mundo: un resumen

El informe anual de la Confederación Sindical Internacional (CSI) merece la atención para conocer la situación de los derechos de la clase trabajadora. La realidad es que están en retroceso y España aparece como uno de los países denunciados por la represión y por el ataque al derecho de huelga.

*El número de países que denegaron o reprimieron la libertad de expresión se ha incrementado, pasando de 50 en 2017 a 54 en 2018.

*Intereses comerciales liderados por la Cámara de Comercio de los EE.UU. ejercieron una fuerte influencia sobre los Gobiernos en ciertos países, incluyendo Moldova y Rumania, socavando la negociación colectiva. Las prácticas antisindicales de Samsung desplegando tácticas para denegar a los trabajadores/as la libertad sindical y el derecho de negociación colectiva quedarían al descubierto en documentos incautados en sus oficinas en Corea.

*El 81 por ciento de los países han vulnerado el derecho de negociación colectiva. El poder de la democracia para cambiar las reglas quedó de manifiesto con los nuevos Gobiernos electos en Islandia, Canadá y Nueva Zelandia actuando en interés de los trabajadores/as, con la introducción de leyes para salvar la brecha salarial de género, la concesión de permisos remunerados a las víctimas de la violencia doméstica, incrementos salariales para los trabajadores/as de cuidados y la derogación de legislaciones laborales represivas.

*Los diez peores países para los trabajadores y las trabajadoras en 2018 son Argelia, Bangladesh, Camboya, Colombia, Egipto, Guatemala, Kazajstán, Filipinas, Arabia Saudita y Turquía.

*Haití, Kenya, Mauritania, Macedonia y España tuvieron una peor clasificación en 2018, debido al aumento de los ataques contra los derechos de los trabajadores/as, tanto en la ley como en la práctica.

*En 2018, fueron asesinados sindicalistas en nueve países: Brasil, China, Colombia, Guatemala, Guinea, México, Níger, Nigeria y Tanzania; y el número de países donde los trabajadores se exponen a ser víctimas de asesinatos, violencia física, amenazas de muerte e intimidación, ha aumentado considerablemente, pasando de 59 en 2017 a 65 en 2018. Tan solo en Colombia, 19 sindicalistas fueron asesinados durante el año.

*El número de países donde se registraron detenciones y arrestos arbitrarios de trabajadores ha aumentado, pasando de 44 en 2017 a 59 en 2018.

*Incluso en países con una fuerte tradición democrática, como España, las autoridades reprimieron acciones de huelga pacíficas y procesaron a dirigentes sindicales utilizando disposiciones legales franquistas. En el 87 por ciento de los países se ha vulnerado el derecho de huelga.

*El número de países donde los trabajadores sufrieron actos de violencia pasó de 59 en 2017 a 65 en 2018

*Se están produciendo cambios a nivel mundial en cuanto a las condiciones de trabajo. En 65 por ciento de los países se excluye a los trabajadores del derecho a establecer o afiliarse a un sindicato, lo que representa un incremento respecto al 60 por ciento en 2017.

*Amazon, una plataforma de comercio electrónico, ha sido acusada de establecer condiciones de trabajo intolerables en empleos mal pagados e inseguros en sus almacenes en el Reino Unido y EE.UU. En sus centros logísticos en Italia, Alemania y España se registraron diversas huelgas reclamando mejores salarios y condiciones.

Miguel Salas

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